Hexane (己烷)

Molecular formula: C6H14

Appearance: Colorless liquid (无色液体)

1618090305= 1813 D.IE / 1107 (04212025_16010904) = 1813 FGI.BE / 04182113 (04212025_16010904 - BXI_1209200518_160518_180503151804_04182113)

Density: 0.6548 g ML^-1；密度：0.66 (水=1)

Melting point: -96 - -94 deg C

Boiling point: 68 - 69 deg C；沸点：68.7 deg C

Flash point: - 26.0 deg C；闪火点：- 21.7 deg C

水溶解度：不溶

Latent Heat of Evaporation = 365 kJ/kg = 157 Btu/Ib

• 1 kJ/kg = 0.43 Btu/Ibm = 0.24 k cal/kg
• The latent heat of evaporation is based on the fluids boiling point temperatures at atmospheric pressure.

危害

• F = 易燃 (其液体和蒸汽高度易燃，会累积静电。蒸汽比空气重，会传播至远处，遇火源可能造成回火。液体会浮在水面而扩散火势)
• Xn = 有毒性
• N = 对环境有害
• 具有一定的毒性，会通过呼吸道，皮肤等途径进入人体，长期接触可导致人体头痛，头晕，乏力，四肢麻木等慢性中毒症状，严重的可导致晕倒，神志丧失，甚至死亡。
• Case study: Hexane was used as a replacement for alcohol for cleaning the screens of iPhone in China. 

Uses

• used in the formulation of glues for shoes, leather products, and roofing.
• used to extract cooking oils from seeds
• a typical laboratory use of hexane is to extract oil and grease contaminants from water and soil for analysis.

Methanol

Properties

Molecular formula: CH4O

Appearance: Colorless liquid

Density: 0.7918 g/cm^3

Melting point: - 97.6 deg C

Boiling point: 64.7 deg C

Flash point: 11-12 deg C

1618090305: 1813 A.FE / 1107


Methanol, also known as

• methyl alcohol
• wood alcohol
• wood naphtha
• wood spirits

is a chemical with the formula CH3OH (often abbreviated MeOH).

is light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid

is miscible with water

is used as an antifreeze, solvent, fuel

Health and safety: 

• poisonous to the central nervous system
• may cause blindness, coma, and death
• high toxicity in humans
• headache, dizziness, nausea, lack of coordination, and confusion
• no "flame or smoke" if a fire occurs on MeOH 

RUN FOR PEACE 2013 和平之跑

和平之跑（RUN FOR PEACE）是由马来西亚创价学会（SOKA GAKKAI MALAYSIA）举办，每两年在全国举办一次。

这个义跑的报名费是 RM 20，全程 9 km。
今年义跑的衣服颜色是粉红色。

义跑的集合地点是在 SGM Johor Culture Centre, No 1A, Lot 40272, Jalan Selatan 5, Off Jalan Kempas Lama, Taman Selatan, 81200 Johor Bahru, Johor。

我是通过马赛中学同学会的其中一位同学，林顺莱知道这个义跑。
他还好心帮我报名和拿衣服。

义跑前的自拍照

去证券行（securities）开设股票户口

日期：2013年8月12日

时间：2:53 pm

地点：新山

我的第四台手机

用了接近九年的第一台手机 NOKIA 6610i 始终撑不到第十年。
还记得，我的第一台手机是在 2005年读中六之前，父母买给我和小弟的。
那个时候，我对手机就只有两个要求，那就是打电话和发短讯。

今晚我打算去 GIANT Plentong 的 YES 手机店买我人生中第四台手机。
为了买新手机，我还特别抓陈霖德陪我，
顺便叫他提供智慧型手机的专业意见，给我参考。

这次我买手机有更多要求：
第一，必须是智慧型手机。
第二，可以上网和拍照。
第三，手机银幕必须要大。
第四，不可以切我的 sim card。

本来我是要买 SAMSUNG GALAXY S3 的，
可是一听到要切我的 sim card 来装进 S3 手机，我就放弃购买S3 手机。

最后我和霖德确定购买SAMSUNG GALAXY GRAND GT-19082 的白色智慧型手机（价钱：RM 1,135）。
霖德提议买这款手机是因为可以装两张 sim card。
而我买这个智慧型手机是因为它符合我对手机的要求。

买手机的第二天，霖德特别来我家 setting 我新买的手机和 装几个 Apps（如：Facebook, WeChat, WhatsApp, LINE, Viber, AVG AntiVirus, QVOD Player, QVOD Merger, Google Chrome, GPS, 和 金山词霸）。

他还教我如何使用这个白色的智慧型手机，还提醒我有什么地方要多加注意。

没想到，几天后，我父母也跟着换新手机。
他们换成了SAMSUNG GALAXY S3 的智慧型手机。

Falling Film Evaporator (FFE)

FFE is the vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger, with a laterally or concentrically arranged centrifugal separator.

Falling Film Evaporator

A = Product

B = Concentrate

C = Condensate

D = Heating steam

E = vapor

1 = Head

2 = Calandria

3 = Separator

4 = Separator duct

5 = Calandria base

Operation

FFE mostly running under vacuum condition. In most case steam (D) is used for heating the evaporator.

The liquid to be concentrated (A) is supplied to the top of heating tubes (1) and distributed in such a way as to flow down the inside of the tube walls as a thin film.

A thin film enters the heating tube as it flow downwards at boiling temperature. The liquid film starts to boil due to the external heating of the heating tubes and is partially evaporated as a result.

The downward flow, caused initially by gravity, is enhanced by the parallel, downward flow of the vapor formed.

The separation of the concentrated product (B) form its vapor (E) is undergoing in the lower part of the calandria 排管 (5) and separator (3). It is essential that the entire film heating surface, especially in the lower regions, be evenly and sufficiently wetted with liquid. Where this is not the case, dry spots will result that will lead to incrustation and the build-up of deposits.

For complete wetting, it is important that a suitable distribution system is selected for the head of the FFE. Wetting rate are increased by using longer heating tubes, dividing the FFE into several compartments or by recirculating the product.

FFE are highly responsive to alterations of parameters such as energy supply, vacuum, feed rate, concentration, etc.

Advantages of FFE:

1. FFE can be operated with very low temperature differences between the heating media and the boiling liquid,
2. extremely short residence times in the FFE, have very short product contact times, typically just a few second per pass.
3. FFE can be started up quickly

References:

http://www.niroinc.com/evaporators_crystallizers/falling_film_evaporators

马来西亚第13届全国大选

早上跑步过后，我就去我的母校 SMK Dato' Penggawa Timur 投票。

上一届大选，也就是在2008年3月8日的马来西亚第12届全国大选，
由于我还在拉曼大学读大一，背负着重大的课业压力，结果没能回乡投神圣的一票。

所以这次的全国大选算是我第一次投票。

投票前，我遇到了一些以前一起求学的中学同学，其中包括吕凯希，吕凯欣和陈凤玲。

这次投票，我浪费了很多时间在排队上，从早上八点半排队到十点半。

我投票的地方是在中学的 Block C。
我的国会选区是 Pasir Gudang。（国阵巫统 VS 人民公正党）- 国阵巫统 胜
州议会选区则是 Johor Jaya。（国阵马华公会 VS 民主行动党）- 民主行动党 胜

领取了投票表格后，我左手的手指上会被点上不退色墨水。
害到我要非常小心得在投票表格打X，以免被不退色墨水弄脏，变废票。

其实不退色墨水是用作 防止民众重复投票，可惜点在手指上的不退色墨水可用肥皂洗脱。

投票过后，我就去新山吃我的早午餐。