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An uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as a battery backup, provide backup power when regular power source fails or voltage drops to an unacceptable level.
What are the main components of a UPS system?
There are four main components in any online double conversion uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system: Rectifier, UPS Batteries, Inverter and Static Bypass Switch.
Rectifier
The rectifier carries out several key functions. The first is to convert the input power from AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct Current). Its second main role is to recharge the batteries, while the DC power routes to the inverter too.
UPS Batteries
The batteries in a UPS system provide emergency power when the mains supply fails. Either the rectifier or a separate charger ensures that the batteries are always charged.
Inverter
This component fulfils the second half of the double conversion by switching the DC voltage from the rectifier or battery back to an AC output that powers the critical load. This conversion process (AC to DC to AC) and filtering smooths out events such as spikes, sags, surges, and electrical noise, ensuring the final output is a pure sine waveform.
Static Bypass Switch
This component is a safeguard in case there's a failure within the UPS system. In the event of a UPS fault, the static bypass switch automatically connects the load to the main supply, bypassing the rectifier, batteries, and inverter. Having to transfer to main supply isn't ideal as the power won't be filtered or conditioned as usual in an online double-conversion UPS, but it does enable equipment to continue functioning while the UPS is repaired or replaced.
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